A matter of pairs
Confounding in case-control studies. Confounding in case-control studies must be adjusted: matching is one of the techniques for doing this.
Science without sense...double nonsense
Evidence Based Medicine pills
Science without sense...double nonsense
Evidence Based Medicine pills
Read MoreA matter of pairs
Birds of a feather flock together
Confounding in cohort studies. Confounding in cohort studies can be controlled by stratifying and calculating an adjusted risk measure.
Chocolate’s fallacy
Ecological fallacy. The ecological fallacy consists in assuming, within an ecological study, that the effect observed at the global level is maintained at the individual level.
Dividing to conquer
Stratification. Stratification is one of the techniques to study the effect of confounding and effect modifiers variables on risk measures.
The backdoor
Confounding variable. A confounding variable is associated with the exposure and the effect without being part of the cause-effect chain between the two.